The Evil Twin...

After many hours of work pulling out the bell shaped flowers, I decided to research a little further found here: http://www.coldclimategardening.com/2007/07/26/campanula-rapunculoides-the-evil-twin/ that the flowers could also be something much worse... they could be the non-native and invasive creeping bellflower (campanula rapunculoides)... the Ontario Wildflowers database listed them as native, but I think that they are mistaken...

In order to ascertain the identity of these misbehaving flowers I needed to find a way to differentiate between the similar species so I found this:

http://www.examiner.com/article/adenophora-and-its-evil-twin-revisited

"gardeners can identify their plants by taking a flower and gently pulling off the petals, leaving the style standing in the center. You will be left holding the base of the flower with a bumpy appendage (the ovary) in the middle and the style sticking straight up out of the center. VERY CAREFULLY peel off the outside of the bumpy appendage, leaving the style standing. If underneath, all you see is a flat base to which the style is attached, then you have a Campanula. If, however, you see, after the peeling, another bulb-like appendage surrounding the style, then you have an Adenophora."

So I went to work dissecting some flowers:

dome shape at bottom of stamen...

dome removed...

is this flat or bulb like?

nature is beautify close up...